PALETWA CU CHINRAM – Dr Sui Khar

PALETWA CU CHINRAM, Editor Hmurka

Ministry Of Defense – National Unity Government nih 7 Vaupi 2022 zaan ah an thanhmi ralkap thawng bultan ah ” Chin ramkulh, Paletwa peng ti ding , Arakan ramkulh Paletwa peng tiah an tial i, 9 Vaupi 2022 ah kan palh tiah an thanh than. Hi an palhmi kong he pehtlai in Chin Ramkulh Palai hna nih nan i palh mi cungah kan ngaih a chia ngai, nan i palhnak i theih in ngaihthiamnak cathanh nan chuahmi kan cohlan hmailei caan ah palh sual um ti lo dingin țuanvo ngeitu nih rak kan ralrinpiak ulaw tiah 2020 ah teinak hmumi Chin Ramkulh Palai hna nih cathanh an chuah. 16 Hniang 2016 ah Chin World nih Kawlca in a țial mi kha ai tlak ning in Lai in țialmi a si caah, palh mi le biafang khen lo mi um aikun careltu mizapi nih nan kan theihthiamnak lai kan in nawl hna.

Biahmaithi

Arakan Army (AA) a chuah hnu le a bik in AA le ralkap kahdohnak a chuah hnu ah Arakan miphun hna nih Paletwa cu kan ram kam hmunhma tiah an chim. Arakan miphun hna nih Paletwa cu kan ram kan hmunhma tiah an chim hi a tu lawng a si lo, tuanlio pi’n a si cang, Free Ranger Burma (FRB) nih a chuahmi cazual ah Paletwa cu Arakan ramkulh a si tiah a langhter. FRB nih a langhter mi cu a palhti langhter a si hnu ah FRB nih a chuahmi cazual ah Paletwa cu Chin ram a si tiah a țial than.

AA nih Paletwa peng cheukhat sianginn catar i țialmi Chin ramkulh cu an hnawh i Arakan ramkulh tiah an țial. Hlan i Panglong ah tuahmi Ethnic Youth Conference ah Arakan National Party Chairman a simi Dr. Aye Maung nih ” 1953-54 kum ah Arakan miphun hna i fingtlang a si mi Paletwa cu Chin Special Division ah pek a si” tiah a chim.

Arakan miphun hna nih Paletwa cu kan ram kan hmunhma tiah an i hmaithlaknak bik chan cu ” Paletwa cu Arakan Hills Tract chung ah a um ” tiah an ti ruangah a si, Arakan siangpahrang chan in a um cang tiah cheukhat nih cun an chim.

Thazaang Hmanning Lam ( Might is right)

” Might is right” timi cu a tawinak in ” thazaang ngan hna nih, ningcang lo in siseh, ningcang in siseh, a tuah duhmi kha a thazaang in tuahnak nawl a ngei, phundang in chim ahcun thazaang hmang in rialdip ukphung a si.

A voihnihnak ralpi a chuahtiang ” Might is right” phunglam cu vuleipi huam in hman a si, rampumkomh Myanmar tuanbia zoh zongah thazaang ngan mi nih thazaang hme miphun hna cu an va doh hna i an lak tawn.

Arakan miphun hna cu anmah te’n an ram a ukmi an si ko nain British chan hlan 1784 ah Burma siangpahrang nih a tuk i a lak mi a si.

British le Burma Kahdohnak ( First Anglo-Burmese War) chungah Arakan ramkulh cu Burma siangpahrang ral sungh man ( War Reparation) ai ah British kut ah a pek. Cucaah kum 1826 ah Arakan ramkulh cu British kuttang ah a tla ruangmang.

British chan hlan ah nihin rampumkomh Myanmar ramchung ah a ummi miphun hna lak ah Mon le Arakan hi amah te’n a ukmi a zalong mi ram an si ve.

British nih Tipawmin ukmi Burma ram cu kum 1885 ah a dihlak in an lak. Tipawmin zong an tlaih i India ram ah an thawl, cu hnu ah rampunkomh Myanmar ram ah a ummi miphun hna cu British nih pakhat hnu pakhat in a doh i kan nih Chin miphun hna zong kum 1890 ah dohhram an kan thawk ve.

British Colonial

British Colonial kuttang ah Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka le rampumkomh Myanmar ram cu – British – India tiah ukning phunkhat tangah a um. British chan ah ukning phunphun in uk a si. kum 1937 ah British – India cu British – India le British – Burma ti’n ( Burma Act 1936 hlan tiang) țhen a si.

British cu a khat lo mi ruang ah nihin rampumkomh Myanmar ram a khatlo mi ukning phun (4) in uk a si. Ministerial Burma (Proper Burma tiah auh a si) tangah Taningtary , Arakan, Pako le Ayeayerwaddy tiah ramthen 4 a um.

Tlangcung mi ( Frontier Areas) asiloah Scheduled Areas tangah Shan, Kachin le Chin miphun hna cu a um.

Kayah ramkulh hi a zalong mi dirhmun ah zohcuanh a rak si.

Tlangcung Mi Hna ( Frontier Areas)

British Myanmar Colonial tangah tlangcung mi timi cu Ministerial or proper Burma chungah tel lo in Kayah ramkulh he a pehtlaimi zalong mi hmun asilomi a dang hmunram chimnak a si, tlangcung ram ( Frontier Areas) tiah fehtermi hnu ah a phunphun a um. British nih tlangcung hmunram a laak tikah British uknak ah mah le pengtlang hruaitu kar ah lungtlinnak ning uk a si.

Cu hlei ah tlangcung ah a ummi miphun cheukhat cu anram he a pehmi hmunram miphun dang va doh ruangah tlangcung ah a ummi miphun hna cu rawn ah lut kho dingin mah te’n i tawltelnak upadi hman a si. Chin miphun caah Chin Hills Regulation Act ( 1896) timi phunghram ser a si i, cu phunghram ning in British nih uk a si. Hi phunghram nih Mizoram ramkulh
le, Naga hna cu a huap kho ti lo.
Zalonnak hmuh hnu ah hi phunghram cu hman a si i, miphun dang tlangcung mi hna sinah umthutdir khawhnak khamnak caah hman a si. India ram ah a ummi Nagaland le Mizoram ramkulh zongah hi phunghram cu nihin tiang an hman ko rih. Miphun dang hna nih Nagaland le Mizoram ramkulh ah kal duh a si ahcun Inner Line Permit ngeih hnu lawng ah kal khawh a si. Tlangcung ah a ummi cu then (1) le (2) ti’n phunhnih in then a si. Tlangcung miphun cu Ramukbawi ( Traditional Chief) nih ukhruai a si i, Ministerial Burma ahcun British cozah nih uk a si.

Tlangcung Ah A Ummi Chin Miphun

Hlan chan in Chin miphun hna cu nihin rampumkomh Myanmar ramchung hmunkip ah kan um. Cheukhat cu hmunrawn ah ( tahchunhak ah Asho Chin), cheukhat cu tlangcung ah, cheukhat cu tiva kam ah i țhențhek in um a si. Cucaah tlangcung hmun ( Frontier Areas) ah a ummi Chin miphun hna cu Chin Hills District le Arakan Hill Ttacts tiah hmunram pahnih ah țhen in uk a si. Frontier Areas Committe of Enquiry ( FACE) nih a thanh ning ah hmunhma a bitkauh le minung ( kum 1941 milu rel ah) a tanglei bantukin langhter a si. ( Hi milu rel hi kum 1941 ah lakmi milu rel cazin a si i, a voihnihnak ral lio ah a dihlak in a tlau i, kum 1931 milu rel rinh a si i kum 1941 in tuah a si)

Hmunhma a bitkauh – 10,337 quadrangle
Minung – 186, 000
Miphun hoih in milut zat
Chin miphun – 183,768 or 98.8%
Miphun dang – 2,232 or 1.2%

“Kanpalet Subdivision in the south of the District has close ties with the neighboring Chin population in Ministerial Burma” tiah a tangah tial a si, cucaah Chin Hills District hlei ah a dang Chin miphun hna cu Ministerial Burma chungah an thudir tiah chim khawh a si.

Arakan Hill Tracts

Hmunhma a bitkauh – 3543 quadrangle
Minung – 34,000
Miphun hoih in milu zat
Chin miphun – 25772 or 75.8%
Miphun dang hna – 4624 or 13.6%
Burma miphun – 3570 or 10.6%

“The Burma Group of the population who are Arakanese Buddhists nearly all live in southern part the tract bordering to Arakan Division.” tiah a tangah tial a si, miphun dang nih an hmanmi holh cu zei bantuk hmuitinh a si theih a si lo nain Arakan Hill Teact chungah Arakan miphun dihlak fonh 10% lawng an si.

A cung i langhter mi zoh tikah tlangcung ram ( Frontier Areas) ah a ummi ” Arakan Hills Tract”
khua ukning kulh ah Arakan hmunram he pehtlaihnak pakhat hmanh a um lo. Arakan Hills Tract cu Chin ramkulh chungah a um i pupa chan in Chin miphun umnak hmun a si.

Frontier Areas Committe of Enquiry ( FACE) Nih An Langhter Ning Ah

Panglong minthut he pehtlai in ceihhmainak cahrenh chungah ceihhmai a si, Panglong cahrenh cu a dang te’n a ummi cahrenh ( Standalone Agreement) a si lo i a dang cahrenh, minthut hna he pehtlai in cahrenh a si. General Aung San nih British cozah sinah zalonnak a hal i Proper Burma ca lawng si lo in British – Burma pakhat zalonnak caah a hal mi a si. General Aung San le a phu hna cu Proper Burma aiawh in tlangcung ummi ( Frontier Areas) aiawh mi an si lo tiah, Shan ramukbawi hna nih General Aung San le a phu hna cu miphun aiawh mi an si lo tiah British sinah thawng an thanh. Cucaah British – Burma zalonnak he pehtlai in tlangcung mi ( Frontier Areas) ah a ummi miphun dang hna he lungtlinnak ngeih le, caan karlak cozah kong tuah dingin Aung San – Acttaly minthut ( cang – 8) ah telh a si. Panglong cahrenh cu Burma cozah aiawh in General Aung San le tlangcung ( Frontier Areas) ah a ummi miphun hna aiawh hruaitu kar ah lungtlinnak in tuahmi a si. Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) cu Aung San – Acttaly cahrenh in ser a si. Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) nih a tinhbik mi cu tlangcung ( Frontier Areas)ah a ummi miphun hna cu Proper Burma he zei ti’n dah a funtom lai, a tawinak chim cun phunghrampi chungah telh mi a dotdot in fian ding caah hlathlai a si. Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) cu tlangcung mi ( Frontier Areas) aiawh hna he tonnak cu Yangon le Memyo ah tuah a si. Chin Hills District aiawh hna cu Memyo i tonnak tuah a si hnu ah Arakan Hills Tract in aiawh hna cu Yangon ah tonnak an ngei. Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) cu Arakan Hills Tract in a tanglei bantukin phu (4) ah then in tonnak tuah a si.

(A) Khumi and Lakher Chins- 1) Htat Ling 2) Tung Aung 3) HtinKon
4) Pat Wai 5) Theitu
(B) LanpuMro Chins: 1) Lampu
(C) MuangHmyarLemro Chin: 1) MangHmyar
(D) Arakan Hills Tract A.F.P.F.L: 1) TunMra 2) Saw Hla

Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) nih a langhter ningah a tawinak in langhter ahcun ” Arakan Hills Tract nih Chin miphun aiawh hna he Chin Hills District he fonhding a herh cang, cucaah thlanglei Chin miphun hna nih biatung chuahpi ningin lungtlinnak an ngei. Federal ramkomh ah ramkulh pakhat lawng dir ding ti zongah dodaltu an um lo, curuang ah Akyab ( Sittuai) District he fonh ding kan dohkalh tiah biatung ” an chuahpi. Cu hlei ah Khumi le Lakher Chins aiawh hna nih biatung an chuahpi mi ah ” Hi tonpumhnak a phanh hlan ah mah hmunram i Headquarter a si mi Paletwa ah mizapi tonnak an tuah i hi tonpumhnak ah Akyab (Sittuai) district he i fonh lo dingin mizapi lungtlinnak in biachah a si ” tiah tial a si. Cun Arakan Hills Tract A.F.P.F.L nih a chuahpi mi ah ” Kannih cu Burma phu a si mi Arakan kan si, Burma Ministerial he fonhding ah a herh cang. A dang te’n pengkomh ser a hau lo ” tiah an lungtlinnak an langhter. ( Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry cahmai 92-98) Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry nih an langhtermi zohtik ah Arakan Hill Tract ah a ummi Chin miphun hna cu hmundang ah a ummi Chin miphun hna he i funtom ding a herh. Cun Arakan miphun hna nih Burma miphun hna he hmunkhat ah um dingin biatung an dirh.

Pahnihnak ah Paletwa cu Arakan Hills Tract ah a ummi Chin miphun hna hi a biapimi Headquarter ah fehter a si. Akyab ( Sittuai) district asiloah Arakan he fonh fingin hruaitu aiawh hna nih an herh lo.

Pathumnak ah Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) he tonpumhnak ah a kaimi Chin miphun aiawh hruaitu Ramukbawi ( Traditional Chief) hna le, Arakan aiawh hna cu A.F.P.F.L party aiawh an si. Aiawh tu dirhmun in an i dang tuk lawmmam. Arakan Hills Tract ah a ummi Arakan miphun hna cu Kalatan tiva pawngah an um i, ngatlaih le cinthlak, zuatkhalh hna an tuah i, khua ngaingai an ngei lo an duhnak paoh ah an i thial caah Ramukbawi ( Traditional Chief) zong an ngei lo.

Biadonghnak

British chan phanh hlan in nihin tiang rampumkomh Myanmar tuanbia ning zongah, British ukning tuanbia zongah, zalonnak ah a zuammi tuanbia zongah

(a) Arakan miphun hna cu 1784 hnu ah ram ngeilo dirhmun an phan.

(b) Arakan Hills Tract khuaram kulh chungah Arakan ukning asiloah Arakan hmunhma he pehtlaihnak a ngei lo.

(c) Nihin Chin ramkulh ramri cu Chinland pakhat lawng nih a khuh kho lo.

(d) Kan nih Chin miphun hna cu fingtlang, tiva, horkuang hna le, holh, nunphung hna he, miphun dang hna nih thenkhawh ding kan si lo.

Khatlei in chim ahcun Paletwa cu Arakan he khuaram kong ah siseh, hrinthlaknak kong ah siseh, holh ah siseh, nunphung ah siseh, i peh/khatnak pakhat hmanh a um lo, Paletwa cu 1947 phunghram thawkin nihin tiang Chin Special Division/Chin State ah a ummi a si. Arakan miphun hna cu 1974 phunghrampi um hnu lawng ah ramkulh a ngahmi an si. Paletwa cu Chinram